The Golden Shield is the nickname given to China's most recent attempt to "purify" the internet for it's citizens, a great firewall of China if you like, or even if you don't.

Calls to websites outside of China are checked against a list of web addresses deemed dangerous by the Chinese government, including most sites like the BBC. That in theory stops the Western mind-filth getting in. At the same time Chinese based web servers are scanned for dangerous information, with warehouses of individuals being paid to screen (edit and delete) politically sensitive comments on China's news sites and blogs. Those continuing to post such subterfuge are punished, as in the case of Zhang Jianhong, who was sentenced for 6 years for blogging.

However as Wired reports the firewall isn't working out for China. There are several reasons for this, one of them being e-commerce, which China is scared of loosing and so continues to let encrypted transactions through the net with full inspection....

http://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/15-11/ff_chinafirewall